a) Agriculture:

• The production and consumption of cash crops have increased.
• Coordinated mobilization of research, dissemination, markets, business promotion, food technology and quality control, supply of inputs and rural infrastructure construction and promotion works have started.
• In the provision of cooperative, private and community organizations have appeared effectively.
• The production of consumable goods has been increasing as expected.
• Against the target of increasing the sugar production to 9.03 from 8.7 kg, the progress was 9.44 kg.
• Against the target of increasing the production of vegetables (including the off season) from 66.74 to 79.15, the production was 80 kg.
• Similarly, the plan had the target of increasing the production fruits from 16.1 to 17.89, the production was 21.63kg.
• Fish production was targeted to increase to 1.87 kg from 1.5 kg and the achievement was 1.87 kg.
• Meat production was targeted to increase from 8.5 kg to 9.94 while the actual production was 8.6 kg.
• Milk production was targeted to increase from 47.05 liters to 50.85 liters, but 51 liters of milk was produced.

Problems seen in achievement

• Inability to utilize the investment and physical facilities in an effective manner.
• Reduction in crop intensity.
• Inadequate supply of chemical fertilizers, improved seeds, irrigation, loans and other basic agricultural inputs, and their limited use.
• Weak market mechanisms, risks in production.
• Mechanisms for agricultural extension not being effective.
• Agricultural research not conducted in the desired areas

b) Land Reform:

• The preparation of digital data base has been started.
• Re-surveying and the adoption of digital plot survey technology along with mapping of the remaining.
• Village Development Committees (VDCs), Village blocks, and municipal areas have been started. In six land registration offices, Geographical Information System (GIS) has been established and the work to manage ammonia printing of maps in 74 districts, with printing at the cereal level, has been completed.

Major challenges

• Limited access to land of the landless and groups lagging behind from the economic perspective.
• The practice of dual ownership is existing even now.
• Scattering of lots due to fragmentation of agricultural land.
• Land use plans not being implemented.
• Settlements for the landless and freed Kamayas not managed.

c) Forestry

• At the beginning of the Tenth Plan, there were 12,000 community forest users’ groups managing the forest areas. At the end of the Plan, there have been 14,500 users groups formed to manage nearly 1.24 million hectares (25%) of land.
• In addition to the community forest, more than 650 leasehold forestry users committees have been formed to manage 3,700 hectares of forest land, in order to provide opportunities for those below the poverty line.
• Gender balance, empowerment of the communities and institutional development works are increasing due to community forest users’ groups.

Major challenges

• Reduction in forest area due to encroachment.
• River cutting and landslides, making soil protection works costly and ineffective.
• Lack of awareness on bio-diversity.
• Lack of knowledge about invaluable NTFP, lack of information on farming technology.
• The initiative of the private sector not being as expected.

Infrastructure Development

a) Roads: By the end of 2006/07, a total of 17,728 kms of road has been constructed, out of which 5,360 kms in black topped, 4,854 kms is graveled and 7,626 kms is road.

b) Electricity: A total of 560 MW of electricity has been produced all over the country in 2006/07.

c) Irrigation:

• Only 66 percent of the agricultural land has irrigation facilities at present.
• Although there is a policy to raise the agricultural productivity and production by extending the surface and underground irrigation facilities, expected progress has not been achieved in this sector.
• In the Terai area, there has been a decline in the extension of irrigation facilities after the reduction of direct grant to shallow tube wells.
• Problems have appeared in the proper repair and maintenance of the completed projects.