Factors affecting optimum plant population

1) Time of sowing

The crop is subjected to different weather conditions when sown at different periods. The day length (for photosensitive varieties) and temperature are the most important factor that influences the optimum plant population.

2) Irrigation

In rainfed conditions, the plant population should be less because if the plant population is high the residual moisture of soil will be depleted due to maximum transpiration and creates the moisture stress condition in the last phase of the crop. Under adequate irrigation or under evenly distributed rainfall conditions, a higher plant population is recommended.

3) Fertilizer application

A dense plant stand is necessary to fully utilize higher levels of nutrients in the soil to achieve potential yields. Nutrient uptake increases with an increase in plant population. A higher plant population under low fertility conditions leads to nutrient deficiency.

4) Planting pattern

Planting pattern influences crop yield through influence on light interception, rooting patterns, and moisture extraction patterns.