Course Content
Introduction , system and system approach in Agriculture , concept of Agricultural system and farming system.
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Introduction
PROPERTIES OF SYSTEM
ELEMENTS OF SYSTEM
SYSTEM APPROACH
Agriculture and farming System
Principles of farming system
Components of Nepalese farming system
Enterprises of farming system
Determinants of farming system in the hills and low lands of Nepal
Climatic factors , Edaphic factors , Biological factors , Socioeconomic factors.
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Introduction
Climatic factors
Edaphic factors
Socioeconomic factors
Management factors
Hill and lowland farming systems in Nepal
Agroecological Zones in Nepal , Components and resource base of major farming systems , Limitations and opportunities of different farming systems.
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Agroecological Zones in Nepal
Concept of Cropping System
CLASSIFICATION OF FARMING SYSTEM
Based on components or enterprises
Based on land area used
Based on degree of commercialization
Based on the ownership of land
Other types of farming
Characteristics of Nepalese farming system
Components of major farming system
Opportunity of Nepalese farming systems
Limitations of Nepalese farming systems
Farming system Research (FSR)
Historical background of FSR , Conventional research vs. FSR , FSR methodology – diagnostic and design phases , Testing , technology transfer and evaluation phases
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Farming system Research (FSR)
Farming system Research Approach
Farming system research methodology
Agricultural Sustainability
The concept of sustainable agriculture , Ancient Agriculture and sustainability , Agriculture and environment (HEIA) , Agriculture and natural resources (LEIA) , Approaches towards sustainable Agriculture
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Sustainable Agriculture
Why sustainable Agriculture?
Evolution of sustainable Agriculture
Approaches to Sustainable Agriculture or Forms/Types/Models of Ecological Agriculture
Keys to sustainable Agriculture
Ecological principles , Ecological practices / implications , Use of inorganic fertilizers , manures an compost , organic farming an biofertilizers .
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Ecological principles and practices
Dryland and rainfed farming
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Characteristics (problems) of dryland farming system
Crop Production in dryland farming
Crop management practices
Crop production in rainfed farming (Lowland/ Submergence condition)
Crop management practices
CLIMATE SMART AGRICULTURE
Indigeneous knowledge and sustainable agriculture
farmer’s knowledge in managing farming system . Sustainable Agriculture and rural development
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Traditional and Indigenous Knowledge for Sustainable Agriculture
Indigenous Traditional practices in Nepalese farming system
Common practices in Indigenous Traditional practices in Nepalese farming system
Learn Farming System and Sustainable Agriculture with Rahul
About Lesson

Characteristics (problems) of dryland farming system :

A) Climatic factors:-

  • Annual rainfall is between 750 to 1150 mm,
  • Evapotranspiration (ET) loss is higher than precipitation
  • High-intensity rainfall for short periods causes problem of soil erosion by water
  • Distribution of rainfall is not uniform
  • Late onset of monsoon, delays sowing of crops
  • Early cessation of rain, causes moisture stress during reproductive and maturity stages
  • Prolonged dry spell during crop period, retards growth and yield of crop
  • High wind velocity causes soil erosion
  • Low relative humidity, increases evapotranspiration loss

 

B) Soil factors:-

  •  Poor ground cover, problem of wind and water erosion
  •  Sand and silt particles are dominant in soil texture
  •  Low organic matter content and poor fertility
  •  Low moisture and nutrient-holding capacity
  •  High infiltration rate and low groundwater table

 

C) Socioeconomic factors

  • Poor resource base and biodiversity and poor farmers
  • Higher cost for lifting underground water, higher cost of production
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