Course Content
Introduction , system and system approach in Agriculture , concept of Agricultural system and farming system.
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Introduction
PROPERTIES OF SYSTEM
ELEMENTS OF SYSTEM
SYSTEM APPROACH
Agriculture and farming System
Principles of farming system
Components of Nepalese farming system
Enterprises of farming system
Determinants of farming system in the hills and low lands of Nepal
Climatic factors , Edaphic factors , Biological factors , Socioeconomic factors.
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Introduction
Climatic factors
Edaphic factors
Socioeconomic factors
Management factors
Hill and lowland farming systems in Nepal
Agroecological Zones in Nepal , Components and resource base of major farming systems , Limitations and opportunities of different farming systems.
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Agroecological Zones in Nepal
Concept of Cropping System
CLASSIFICATION OF FARMING SYSTEM
Based on components or enterprises
Based on land area used
Based on degree of commercialization
Based on the ownership of land
Other types of farming
Characteristics of Nepalese farming system
Components of major farming system
Opportunity of Nepalese farming systems
Limitations of Nepalese farming systems
Farming system Research (FSR)
Historical background of FSR , Conventional research vs. FSR , FSR methodology – diagnostic and design phases , Testing , technology transfer and evaluation phases
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Farming system Research (FSR)
Farming system Research Approach
Farming system research methodology
Agricultural Sustainability
The concept of sustainable agriculture , Ancient Agriculture and sustainability , Agriculture and environment (HEIA) , Agriculture and natural resources (LEIA) , Approaches towards sustainable Agriculture
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Sustainable Agriculture
Why sustainable Agriculture?
Evolution of sustainable Agriculture
Approaches to Sustainable Agriculture or Forms/Types/Models of Ecological Agriculture
Keys to sustainable Agriculture
Ecological principles , Ecological practices / implications , Use of inorganic fertilizers , manures an compost , organic farming an biofertilizers .
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Ecological principles and practices
Dryland and rainfed farming
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Characteristics (problems) of dryland farming system
Crop Production in dryland farming
Crop management practices
Crop production in rainfed farming (Lowland/ Submergence condition)
Crop management practices
CLIMATE SMART AGRICULTURE
Indigeneous knowledge and sustainable agriculture
farmer’s knowledge in managing farming system . Sustainable Agriculture and rural development
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Traditional and Indigenous Knowledge for Sustainable Agriculture
Indigenous Traditional practices in Nepalese farming system
Common practices in Indigenous Traditional practices in Nepalese farming system
Learn Farming System and Sustainable Agriculture with Rahul
About Lesson

Crop management practices

a) Land preparation

  • land leveling and sloping
  • drainage facility

 

b) Selection of crops and varieties

  • crops relatively tolerant to waterlogged condition
  • Crops that are able develop superficial adventitious, aerial roots and branched roots rapidly
  • Examples: rice, dhania, jute, jowar, sugarcane, cowpea, cluster bean
  • Sinhada, a wild variety of rice found in the Koshi region tolerant to submergence condition
  • Improved varieties tolerant to submergence conditions like Swarna Sub-1 and Sawa Masuli Sub-1 of rice crop

 

c) Planting method

  • Planting on crop ridges or raised beds
  • Planting on the flatbed followed by earthing up
  • Higher seed rate than the recommended dose
  • Double transplanting (karuna), parachute method of transplanting, and seedling broadcasting in rice

 

d) Nutrient management

  • Higher dose of fertilizer than then recommended dose to recover losses of nutrient
  • Application of nutrients at multiple splits
  • Foliar spray of nutrients
  • Use of slow-release materials or coating urea with mud, sulfur, neem
  • Use of ammonical form of nitrogen rather than nitrate form
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