Seed formation

• Seeds are borne by two great and different classes of plants; Angiosperms and Gymnosperms.
• The flower of angiosperms has an ovary that contains ovules with its egg. The ovary later becomes a fruit with the developed ovule or ovules.
• The gymnosperms, however, produce naked seeds and have no flowers, no ovaries, and no fruit.
• Among the various seed-producing families, graminae contributes the highest followed by leguminoseae.
• Sexual reproduction involves the fusion of male and female gametes to form a zygote, that develops into an embryo.
• In crop plants, male and female gametes are produced in specialized structures known as flowers.
• The most important parts of the flower are the androecium and gynoecium.
• The male and female gametes are produced as micro and megaspores respectively.

Sporogenesis

• Production of microspores and megaspores from micro and megaspore mother cells respectively after meiosis is known as sporogenesis.
• Microspores are produced in the anthers while the megaspores are formed in the ovules.