Indigenous AFS in Nepal

1. Terai:

• Home garden
• Taungya
• Intercropping with horticultural crops.
• Planting with crops
• Silvopastoral
• Apisilvipastoral
• Silvifishery
• Hortisilvipastoral

2. Siwalik:

• Silvi pastoral: It refers to a land management system in which forests are managed for the production of wood as well as for rearing domestic animals. E.g. forest with grasses.
• Taungya: It is organized and systematically managed shifting cultivation.
• Silvifishery: It is one of the land use systems where trees are integrated with fish farming. This system is becoming more popular in the Terai region of Nepal.

3. Mid-hills:

i) Alley cropping:

• Alley cropping is broadly defined as the planting of two or more sets of single or multiple rows of trees or shrubs at wide spacing, creating alleys within which agricultural, horticultural, or forage crops are cultivated.
• The trees or shrubs may include valuable hardwood species, such as nut trees, or trees desirable for wood products. Shrubs can provide nuts, fruits, or other products.

ii) Home garden :

• They are common for small landholdings and designed to increase food production generally called nutritiogardensen are common to rainforests with multilayered canopy.
• Moreover, the physical limitations such as the remoteness of the areas force the inhabitants to produce most of their basic needs by themselves and the lack of adequate market outlets compel the farmers to produce some portions of everything they need.

iii) Horti silvopastoral: horticulture + forest+ grazing land

iv) Contour hedge row: The plantation of hedge row along the contour lines is known as a contour hedge row.

4. High hills:

• Silvopastoral
• Contour hedge row