Transcription

DNA –> transcription–> RNA

Types of RNA

a)m-RNA: contains and carries genetic information coded in DNA to the cytoplasm and finally attaches to the ribosome.

b) rRNA: Role in protein synthesis

c) t-RNA: carries amino acids to the site of protein synthesis.

Process of transcription

a. Initiation:

• It involves the binding of RNA polymerase to the promoter region of DNA.

b. Elongation:

• Once the promoter region has been recognized by the holoenzyme, it results in the local unwinding of the DNA helix.
• After binding, RNA polymerase begins to synthesize DNA sequence, and σ sub-units are released.

c. Termination:

• The elongation of the RNA chain continues until a termination signal is reached.
• The RNA polymerase stops synthesis and the nascent RNA is separated from the DNA template.