Course Content
Concept of natural resources
In economics, the concept of natural resources refers to naturally occurring assets like land, water, minerals, and forests that contribute to production, consumption, and economic growth.
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Introduction
Types of Resources
FOREST RESOURCES AND DEFORESTATION
Forest and rangeland management in Nepal plays an important role in national development as well as the socio-economic condition of rural people.
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Forest and Rangeland Management
Forest Management
Action Plan for Forest Rangeland Management
Water, Mineral and climatic, and Livestock resources
In many cases, ignorance about protection of water cycle, misuse, lack of management and legal structures are the main cause of water scarcity or stress
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Water Resource Management
Why water policy?
Water in food production and Watershed Protection
Action Plan for Water Resource Management
Development status of irrigation
Terai surface irrigation
Economics of irrigation in Nepal
Mineral Resources
Climate
Livestock Resources
INTRODUCTION TO PROJECT CYCLE AND ITS USE OF MITIGATING ENVIRONMENTAL PROBLEMS
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Project cycle
Different aspect of project preparation
PROJECT APPRAISAL CRITERIA
Sensitivity Analysis of a project
Watershed degradation, Soil erosion and pollution
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Watershed Degradation
Soil erosion and pollution
Pollution
Species extinction and degradation of bio-diversity
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Introduction
Economic and other benefits from biodiversity conservation
Strategies for the Conservation of Biodiversity
Inland fisheries
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Fish culture
Importance of Fisheries
Natural and agricultural resource conservation strategies
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Action Plan for Land Management
Environmental economic policies and action plan in Nepal
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Introduction
Evolution of Environmental Policies in International Level
Evolution of Environmental policies of Nepal
Environment and population related policy, Plan and Programme Preparation and Implemented
Need for Environment Policy
Environmental Protection Council
G/N’s Environmental Policy
Nepal Environmental Policy and Action Plan (NEPAP)
International Context
National legislation on protecting resources
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Introduction
Decentralization and Participation in Resource Management
International Union for the Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources (IUCN)
Institutions involved in resource management
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Introduction
Institution involved
Environmental amenities on valuation of non-traded goods
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Introduction
Environmental Aspect in Project Analysis
Types of Externality
Incorporating Externalities in the Cash Flow
Measurement of Externalities
Use of limited farm resources for economic management
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Introduction
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About Lesson

There is no market for the environmental goods and services, therefore, they are considered as non marketable goods and services. In the past, the environmental impacts of the development projects did not involve a quantitative analysis. However, the quantification, valuation and incorporation if environmental impact in the economic theory, which started around 1930’s has been the cornerstone of the advances in valuation techniques today. Application of rigorous quantitative techniques makes environmental values legitimate.

 

Properly derived environmental values provide very important information for environmental policy making. The following points illustrate the usefulness of environmental values (ADB 1996 cited by Gunatilake, 2003).

 

a) Provide a more complete picture of a project’s true worth (both environmental costs and benefits are recognized).

b) Encourages a more careful and systematic consideration of the environmental consequences of development projects.

c) Provides clear and defensible arguments for accepting or rejecting a project.

d) Addresses the concern of developing countries, donors and non governmental organizations regarding all aspects of a project.

e) Promotes consistency in evaluation across project categories and countries.

f) Eliminate investment bias towards projects that promote the overuse and/or degradation of natural resources.

g) Demonstrate key principles and methodologies that can be adopted in formulating environmental policies.

h) Allows comparisons and ranking of different projects competing for scarce resources.

 

Valuation of natural resources includes:

a) The valuation of biodiversity in protected and outside areas,

b) Accounting the value of these resources and environmental damages into the system of national accounts by estimating the attention to the depreciation of natural assets

c) Using the values as indicators during environmental assessment, and

d) Estimating the appropriate levels of user fees, park entry fees, and pollution charges and other fees and charges for environmental amenities and services

 

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