Direct seeded rice :

1. Dry DSR :

1.1. Conventional till – Dry DSR :

Important points for conventional till-dry DSR

• It is popular in upland rice / Ghaiya Dhan.
• Cultivation is mostly done under rainfed conditions. So, the line of sowing is before the onset of monsoon.
• Before the onset of monsoon, 2-3 ploughing followed by planking is done.
• Broadcasting seed @ 60-80 kg/ ha is done followed by light planking to cover the seed with soil.
• Some farmers perform showing lines behind the plow.
• Few innovative farmers are using seed drill machines for sowing seed @ 40-60 kg/ha.
• FYM is applied a month before sowing which chemical fertilizer is applied as per availability @ 60:20:20 kg NPK/ha.
• Weed management is a tough task in DSR. Generally, farmers perform hand weeding after 30 and 60 days. A locally made wooden rake named Dante is common in use. Few farmers practice chemical weeding.

1.2. Zero till-Dry DSR :

• This method is practiced in midland and lowland in the Terai region of Nepal.
• A seed drill machine can be used for sowing seeds which drills seeds and fertilizers in a single pass.
• Land should be well leveled by a lesser land level.
• Before sowing, weeds should be knocked down by the spray of herbicides like glycophosphate, and paraquat.
• Zero tillage DSR, though has been practiced for decades in research stations and demonstration plots of innovative farmers, however, has not been adopted by farmers yet.
• This might be due to a lack of technical manpower, poor availability of machinery, and lower risk-bearing capacity of farmers.

2. Wet DSR :

• This method is practiced in midland and lowland in the terai region of Nepal.
• Land preparation is done similarly to transplanted rice where plowing, planking, and puddling are done.
• The sowing method includes broadcasting seed on a puddled field.
• On availability of drum seeder, seeds are dropped on definite rows by pulling the equipment.
• Crops that can be sown with ZT- seed drill machines are : Rice , wheat , maize , kidney bean , Mung bean , sunflower , Teosenete fodder , lentil , chickpea, pea , okra , and coriander.