Climate and soil

• It needs 19-43⁰C for seed germination.
• Requires 29-36⁰C for vegetative growth and 20-28⁰C for seed production.
• 29-36 ⁰C (for rapid growth and development), 24 ⁰C (for flowering).
• Below 15 ⁰C during the initial stage, germination is delayed by 2 weeks.
• Below 16 ⁰C during the growth period, the rate of growth is drastically reduced.
• Requires a bright sunny weather during the flowering and pod setting stage.
• Well adapted to drought prone areas due to its deep root system.
• It does not tolerate water logging and frost.
• Excessive rainfall at the time of flowering reduces the crop yield heavily.
• Can be grown in all soil except clay soil with a pH range of 6-6.5.