Biological Significance of C4-cycle:

• C4-cycle is a carbon fixation pathway used by some plants to capture and use atmospheric carbon dioxide more efficiently than the traditional C3-cycle.
• C4 plants have specialized cells called bundle sheath cells, which surround photosynthetic cells and perform additional carbon fixation.
• This allows C4 plants to maintain high rates of carbon uptake and photosynthesis even in high temperatures and low atmospheric carbon dioxide concentrations.
• C4 plants are also more water-efficient than C3 plants, which can be important for plants growing in arid or semi-arid environments.
• The C4-cycle has a higher energy cost than the C3-cycle, but it enables plants to grow faster and produce higher yields under favorable conditions.
• C4 crops include important species such as corn, sugarcane, and sorghum, which provide food, fuel, and other industrial products for human use.