Course Content
Introduction
0/5
Definition of crop and Plant  physiology
Aspects of Crop physiology
Importance of studying Plant Physiology
Scope of plant physiology
Practical application of crop physiology
Introduction to cell physiology
0/12
Introduction
Anatomy of cell
Nucleus
Mitochondria
Golgi bodies ( Dictyosomes)
Endoplasmic reticulum
Lysosome
Glyoxysomes ( Only fat storing cells of plants)
Chloroplast
Vacuole
Perioxisomes
Plant cell wall
Biological phenomenon in plant cells
0/5
Principles of thermodynamics
Some terminologies
Application of 1st law of thermodynamics
Application of 2nd law of thermodynamics
Significance of entropy
Absorption and translocation of water and nutrients
0/14
Introduction
Osmosis
Permeability of a membrane
Absorption of water
Pathway of water in root
Factors affecting water absorption
Minerals absorption
Theories of mineral absorption
Ascent of sap
Path of Ascent of sap
Mechanism of ascent of sap
Vital theory
Root pressure theory
Physical force theory
Transpiration
0/5
Introduction
Structure of stomata
Opening and closing of stomata
Theories of opening and closing of stomata
Factors affecting transpiration
Photosynthesis
0/17
Structure of chloroplast
Photosynthesis
Light reaction (or hill reaction)
Difference between cyclic and non-cyclic reaction
Dark reaction or Calvin cycle or C3.
Factors affecting photosynthesis
Photorespiration
Main features of P.R.
Hatch and slack cycle or c4 – cycle
Mechanism of C4-cycle:
Pathways of Hatch and Slack Cycle
Characteristic Features of C4 plants :
Biological Significance of C4-cycle
Crassulacean acid metabolism or CAM cycle
Characteristic Features of CAM plants
Blackman’s law of limiting factors
External and Internal Factors for Blackman’s law
Respiration
0/6
Introduction
Difference between Aerobic and Anaerobic respiration
Mechanism of Respiration
Electron Transport System (ETC)
Components of electron transport system:
Factors affecting respiration
Translocation of photosynthetic products and production of secondary metabolites
0/10
Translocation
Principal pathways for translocation of materials after uptake by the roots of leaves of a plant
Anatomy of phloem
Mechanism of translocation
Protein – Lecithin Theory
Munch mass flow hypothesis
Transcellular streaming (Thaine, 1964)
Phloem loading and unloading
Phloem unloading and sink loading
Factors that control translocation
Physiology of growth and development in crops
0/27
Growth
Development
Types of Growth
Environmental factors influencing growth
Germination
Types of Germination
Environmental conditions affecting seed germination
Requirements for Germination
Seed dormancy
Secondary dormancy
Seed Scarification
Seed Stratification
Other method are
Photoperiodism
Types of Photoperiodic Plants.
Other classification
Importance of photoperiodism
Mechanism of photoperiodism
Florigen
Theory of endogenesus rhythm
Vernalization
Age and Site of Vernalization
Temperature Effect
Vernalin
Devernalization
Mechanism of floral induction in vernalized plants
Importance of vernalization
Plant growth regulators
0/8
Introduction
Classification of PGR
Auxin
Gibberellins
Cytokinin
Absicissic Acid (ABA)
Ethylene
Other hormones
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About Lesson

Chloroplast

  • Contains two-unit membranes, outer and inner lipoprotineous membranese with intermembrane space.
  • Intermembrane encloses stroma or matrix.
  • Thylaknoid vesicles help in absorbing light energy and convert it to ATP.
  • Stroma is the CO2 reduction site to form starch and glucose.
  • Contains DNA which encodes some of the chloroplasts.

 

Enzyme involved: DNA polymerase, ribulose-1,5-biphosphate, Carboxylase oxygenase.

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