Economically important families

a. Pieridae:

• Cabbage or white or sulfur or orange tip butterfly e.g. Pieris brassicae nepalensis. Larvae feed on the leaves of Cole crops. Another example: is Pieris conidia.

b. Papilionidae

• Examples: Papilio demoleus (lemon butterfly). Brightly colored, dark-blue black, or dark with bright yellow or orange-red-green marks on the body of the insects.
• They are serious pests of citrus fruits. Larvae feed on leaves. The hind wing is extended into a tail-like projection.
• E.g.: Swallow-tailed butterfly.

c. Nymphalidae

• Brush-footed or four-footed butterflies. Examples: Nymphalis spp.; Peacock pansy.

d. Hesperiidae

• Skipper – pest of several crops. Antennae widely separated at the base, clubbed hooked at the tip.
• The head is as quiet as or even wider- than the thorax. Hold wings at different angles. E.g. Pelopedas mathias (Rice-skipper).

e. Danaidae

• Milk-weed butterfly or Monarch butterfly (Plain tiger). Larvae of this insect feed on the milk fluid of different plants. Examples: Danaus plexippus.

f. Satyridae: Rice green-horned caterpillar

• Example: Melanitis leda ismene (Rice green horned caterpillar) Feed on leaves of rice.