Course Content
Definition, concept and scope of organic farming, status of organic farming in the world and in Nepal
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Concept of organic agriculture
Concept of Organic Farming
Characteristics of Organic Farming
STATUS OF ORGANIC FARMING
Principles of Organic Agriculture
Integrated Nutrient Management (INM)
Common constraints encountered by the farmers in adoption of INM technology
Objectives of INM
Major Concepts of INM
Scope of organic farming
IMPORTANCE OF ORGANIC FARMING
IMPACT OF MODERN OR CHEMICAL BASED AGRICULTURE
CONSTRAINTS OF ORGANIC FARMING
Green revolution agriculture, food production, security, agro environment and farmer’s livelihood
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Introduction
Positive impacts of green revolution on food grain production and food security
Negative impacts of green revolution
Principles of organic farming; ecology, care, health and fairness
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Principle of Ecology
Principle of care
Principle of health
Principle of fairness
Components of organic farming
land, soil and water, crop and animal, renewable energy source, indigenous knowledge and biodiversity
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Components of organic farming
Land management
Soil management
Soil quality indicator properties
Principles of sustainable soil management
Methods to maximize the production of organic matter
Methods organic matter management
Soil management and protection against erosion
How can I provide enough nutrients for my crops by supplying organic material?
Mechanical measures
Biological measures
Maintaining soil fertility
Organic farming and biodiversity
OA and climate change
Organic pest management; Principle and practices
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Integrated pest management (IPM)
Major principles of non-pesticidal management
Biological control of diseases and insects
Way of ecological control
Types of Biological control
Microbial pesticides
Some successful microbial pesticides
Classification of bioagent
Plant-incorporated-protectants (PIPs)
Botanical pesticides
Some botanical pesticides
Natural enemies/biotic agents (predators and parasites)
Livestock integration in organic farming, and organic production
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Introduction
Health Care for Organic Livestock: Prevention
Converting to organic livestock production
Ways to boost organic livestock production
Marketing of organic products
organic standards, certification and accreditation, organic trade worldwide in relation to WTO
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Regulations governing organic products
Organic certification
Purpose of Organic Certification
Participatory certification or Participatory Guarantee System (Semi-formal System)
Internal control system (ICS)
Organic Certification Agencies
Certification Process
Accreditation
What are certified organic products?
What is behind an organic label?
Learn Organic Agriculture with Rahul
About Lesson

IMPACT OF MODERN OR CHEMICAL BASED AGRICULTURE

  • Excessive and unbalanced use of pesticides and inorganic fertilizers
  • depletion of natural resource base and environmental pollutions
  • soil erosion
  • mountain desertification
  • environmental degradation
  • declining of soil fertility and crop productivity
  • depletion of natural resources
  • using dung as a fuel in rural areas etc. are the most important challenges in the 21st century of Nepalese farmers.
  • ecological imbalance and severe health hazards on humans and animal
  • loss of indigenous variety and biodiversity are emerging as major problems
  • many insects and diseases have become resistant to chemical pesticides
  • small farmers are facing non-affordable and unreliable high cost
  • short term but leads to damage of the essential natural food system and biodiversity
  • pesticides are a major health hazard for farmers and farm workers, particularly in developing countries, as well as to wildlife
  • chemical nitrogen fertilizers used in conventional agriculture are very expensive

 

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