Soil factor:

• It affects the chemical composition and boldness of the seed. Soil containing more amount of N produces seeds with higher protein content.
• For example: rice varieties adapted to alluvial soils will be very poor seed producers in gravelly, saline, or sodic soils.

Agronomic factors

• The growth and development of seeds are directly influenced by agronomic practices like timely planting, irrigation, drainage, intercultural operation, harvesting, etc.

Genetic factor

• The effective breeding and selection techniques used by the plant breeders can manipulate the chemical composition as well as the growth and development of seed.